Method of and apparatus for lining tunnels with concrete.



No. 820,747. PATBNTBD MAY 15, 1906.

R. F. TUCKER.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR LINING TUNNBLS WITH CONCRETE.

' APPLICATION FILED JULYB. 1904.

I I i u 232 4. MCI/v fiwenfw No, 820,747. PATENTED MAY 15, 1906. R.PJTUGKER.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR LINING TUNNELS WITH CONCRETE.

AIPLIOATION FILED JULY 8. 1904.

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llll lllhll ROSS F. TUCKER, OF NEVV YORK, N. Y. lllllE'lHUll'l 0F ANDAPPARATUS Fflll l..llllll\l3r TtlltlilllEtE Wl'l'l-l QQNGHETE- No. 820,7&7.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented. May 15, 1906.

Application filed July 3, 1904; Serial No. 215,731.

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, Ross F. Tocnnn, a citizen of the United States,residing at 156 Fifth avenue, New York city, State of New York, haveinvented a new and useful Method oi and Apparatus for Lining Tunnelswith (loncrete, of which the following is a speciiication- My inventionrelates to improvements in methods and apparatus for the lining oftunnels, particularly with concrete, its object being to carry onsimultaneously the two sets of operations of driving the tunnel-headingand finishing the interior of the tunnel-tube in .the rear of theheading; and it consists in the methods and featuresof constructionhereinafter particularly described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, Figure1 is a cross section oils metallic tunnel-tube in whichrny improvementsare shown. Fig. 2 is a l0l1g1-- tudinul section of the same. Fig. 3 is apen spective sectional detail of the tunnehtube and theshield-segii'ients in place thereon, with one of the closure-sectionssecured in place and Fig. 4 is a detail showing the couping for a hoseconnection between a grout pump and one of the closu e-sections.

'ln the drawings, A represents a metallic tube adapted. to be erectedwithin the, bore of the tunnel, made up of flanged segments 2 and 3.

B is "a temporary frame or platfornrarranged longitudinally in thecompleted portion of the tunnel-tube, extending, preferably, from thetunnel-entrance to close prox imity to the heading and being arranged,preferably, near, but a-little below, the horizontal diameter of thetube, leaving space underneath for the running of cars to and from theheading. This platform is made up of the cross-tin1bers 4, the standards5, having proper braces 6, and preferably covered with e floor of planks7. The platform isslightly narrower than the diameter of the tube, asshown, for reasons hereinafter pointed out.

0 is the shield or center, by means of which the concrete is applied tothe tunneharch end held in place until it has set. This is made up ofseries of channel-girders 8, extending transversely of the tunneharchand supported uponv the timbers 9, carried by the stringers l0; Thesestringers are mounted upon acks 11, which in, turn are set upon theplatform 12 of the truck D, the carrying-wheels 13 of tracks lilon theplatform B.

lower end of the cylindrical drlcal segments are provided withlongitudinal slots 18 and are uniformly interspaced from each other, asshown best in Figs. 2 and 3, so as to leave an intermediate opening orslot 19 between each pair of segments.

ln operations, such as are illustrated in the drawings, where the liningis to be flush with the flanges of the tube the cylindrical segments ofthe shield are arranged to be seated upon the circiunferential flanges20 of the tube, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, in which case rubber or othercompressible gaskets 21 are arranged. on the outer face of thecylindrical segments to secure an air-tight joint between the segmentsand the flanges.

Fitted to the space or slot between the cylindricul segments areclosure-sections 22 and 23. These are rovid ed with side flanges 24,having slotted openings 25, through which, and through the slots 18 ofthe flanges 17 of the cylindrical segments, bolts 26 are passed tosecure the sections in place, as shown in 3. The sections 22 areprovided with pipe couplings or nibs 27, one near the bottom and theother near the top edge or margin. The sections 23 are not necessarilyprovided with such-couplings or nibs. These nibs are designed one toreceive a valved coupling 28, to which may be secured a similar coupling29, connectedtc u hose 30, leading to a grout1nixer and pump 31, mountedupon a truck 32, which runs upon the tracks 14 in the rear oi thetruck... carrying the shield or center, as shown in Fig. 2, and theother to serve asavent. cylindrical segments of the shield are a littleless than an arc of one hundred and eighty degrees, and thereforeterminate a little above the horizontal diameter of the tube when theshield is seated upon the flanges of the tube. In'order to extend thecenter or shield below the diameter of the tuba, and

thus to permit the concreting of the arch bei low the center, I providedepending exten sion pieces or sections 38, secured to the segments byhinges 33. The lower ends of the extension sectionsare preferablyprovided with blocks 34, to which are hingedbraces 35, the outer endsofwhich are connected, as by means of bolts 36, to the platform B, thusholding the segment extensions firmly against-thejfianges The '- th t nnth j k el flm y agai s sections of nibs forthehose-cou' ing.

r g space w hin the .t.

headi gi a k pocket or open space of the tube.

ably arranged s ace intermediate of ,the circumferential anges of thetube and belowthe'shield, as shown in Fig. 1. y

In use the apparatus is handled and operated as follows; Thetunnel-heading having been driven a sufficient distance to give Workbebetwe n-the 1 68 ing and entrance, theplatform B is erected f m theentrance to a epr ximi oi t9 he are laid ;thereon .to carry the sheld-tracks and materiahcars. The 'shield being brought into proper areturned .to force the th arch with sufiicient pressure ,to cause .thegaskets 11 on the periphery oithe shieldto hermeticlly ea th sain -s bewe th sh ld-segments andthetube-flanges. The extensiono th sh el a e henrced ou a ainstthe flanges of the tube and secured in pace. The pacesbetween the shield-segnients are then gradually cloeed frornthe-bottom,1; ward by'rneansof the sections-22 and 23. thelining 's to be madewith ordinary concrete, then the -blank-sections23 are used to close thes,- ace between segments until near a longitudinal flange o'f the tube,which space will be closed ;b .a s ction .22, having If, onthe otherhand, the lining is to: e made of broken stone and grout, a section 22-is placed at {the bot- ,tom, as well as at the top of the spacebetweenthe flanges of a tube-segment. sections-are put in place the closedspace back of them is filled in with QQ crete or broken stone, as thecase may be, as far as it is possible to do so, leaving only a-srnall atthe top of the chamer. This, then, isclosed by a section 22. The hose ofthe grout-pump is then connected to the lower nib of .the section at thebottom of the chamber if the whole chamber is .to be filled with groutor .to the bottom nib of the section which is placed at the .to of thechamber for the purpose of Inerel fi ing the unoccu ied remaining space.rout is then force in'until the chamber is thoroughly filled, when thevalve is closed and the hose uncoupled. In this manner the spacesbetween the cylindrical shield-segments are gradually closed from thebottom up by means of the sections 22 and 23, and the chambers formed bythe shield and the flanges and wall of the tube are filled with theconcreting material. After all of these chainbers thus formed back ofthe shield are filled with concrete the shield is allowed to remain inplace until the material has thoroughly hardened or set, after which thebraces of theextension-pieces of the shield and the jackscrewssupporting the shield itself are loos ened, the extension-pieces beingswung in- Between the flanges oi the tube and below the ed e oftheshieldare prefen. fillenboards 37 to close the PQSition o h t nne Asthesewer wardly on their hinges and the shield bodily lowered from v.thearch of the tunnel, after which the truck can be moved forward inthe t nan th hi l ssi iacked up a ns the flanges of the tube in advance and theop eration repeated, the platform being forward as the heading advances.During the progress of .these operations concreting material andsupplies can be brought in upon cars running on thetracks alongside ofthe shield, and the m te al p a ed in a m x gw ar w h tands .on the tack in advance of th l as shmr -inEig- 'During allofthes'e operations itis obvious 5that {the space henea the a d m is lei fiQQiQL- S to beoperated t crethroughbetwfien and heading in the ordinarylmanner. thelining of the-arch of the tunnel hasthus been entirely completedorcarried ,to. anyder sired .dis'tancemhe I MZQILMeON 0 the headg mayb-t an erredtet m k .up n the pl form ,5 d't e inve of the tunnelcoincreted and all ofthe permanent fittings there? of ,put in placetwithor t interfering ,with ;the,

a i np na d crertheplatforrn- J i It is apparent from the .i'ore .omgdesdrnp tion that. ythus lining ,the'tu .e ,in;

dinal sections-such as, first, the and he ent ance longituthen theinvert-it is .pos fble. ts carry on th s the driving of th a t and h9gof th section Work simultaneously 'th heading and the operating of theheading adjacent the Wall of the tube opposite that nponwhichthe gl ninis being applied.

' la Th m hod of lining h in ri r 6% a tunnel while the heading is being,driyten and Without interfering therewith, consisting in app y th i i gal g a ngimdins se tron of t ,e wall in one set of operations nvhqiemaintaining a way for transporting maherlal to and from the heading adacent the opposite section, and then lining said opposite vsection andmanitaining the ,way ator transporting material to and from the heading.adja: cent the first section. I

2. The method of appvlyin in to a tunnel without intererhnce with thedriving of the heading, consisting in the arch and invert in separateoperations, trans ort-ing materials .to and from the heading a ong thebottom of the tunnel while the arch is being lined and concretingmaterials transported along elevated ways from enrtrance to the point ofwork, and transporting materials to and from the head-5 alo el vatedpaths while theinvert is eing ,ined and material therefor transportedalong the bottom of the tunnel. i 3. The method of lining and eqnippingthe interior of a tunnel-Without interference with the driving of theheading, consisting in Ell? ranging an elevated platform in the tunnel,carrying on the lining operations of the arch upon. and Over said patform and simultane- [loo a c n ret linscorer ously utilizing the spacebeneath for a Way for material-carriers to and from the heading, thenoperating said nutteriail-carriers upon said platform and lining andequipping the tunnelnvert.

l llhemethod of applying a concrete lin-- ing to a tunnel tube,consisting in progress ively erecting a substantially diametric platformbehind the heading, transporting mateporting 1 irorn lining to thetunnel-invert and transporting materials underneath the platform from entrance to point t Work, whereby both sets of operations are carried onsimultaneously.

1n tunnel constructmn, means for lll'llnfi the arch of thetunnel.simultaneously wit 7 ,l'rams or platform sufficient nut ireepassage oi iiiaterial-cars underneath the driving of the headinconsisting of a yelevatcd to perto and from heading, a center or shieldfor hohlin'" the concrete in place until set, a truck lint carrying thesame and tracks upon the platform for sup orting said truck and l forcarrying materia-cars along the tunnel above the cars running to theheading.

6, The method of applyin a concrete lining to the arch of a tunnel-tu e,consisting in thereon to form inclosing successive or contiguous spacestemporary chambers having circumferentially-rlisposed openings there--into, then iogressively filling said chambers from the ottom upward andclosing said openings as the filling advances, and then re moving theinclosing walls. I

7. in tunnel construction, the vi'nethod. of simultaneously carrying onoperations at the heading and upon. the arch in the rear of the hearlinand trans ortiug materials to and from t 1e heading a ong a path in thelower section of the tunnel, and transporting, along a path in the uppersection of the tunnel, material from the entrance to the scene of wdrkupon the arch.

8. In tunnel construction, the method which consists in arranging asubstantially diametric, horizontal partition in the tunnel betweenentrance and heading, utilizing the lower section of the tunnel as a Wavfor trans.- porting materials to and from the heading and the uppersection for carrying on building operations upon the tunnel-arch and asa Way for the transportation of material from the entrance to the sceneof arch operations,

9. In tunnel construction, the method which. consists in trainsportingmaterials to and from the heading along paths in thelcottom section ofthe tunnel, and at the same time carrying on Work upon the arch of thetunnel and transporting materials from the entrance to the point of suchwork along paths in the upper section of the tunnel,

i 10. in tunnel construction, the method which consists in transportingmaterial to and from the heading in the lower segment of the tunnel andat the same timctransporting materials toward and from the entrance andcarrying on work upon the walls in the upper segment of the tunnel.

1.1. In tunnel construction, the method which consists in trans ortingmaterial toward and from the lies ing along a ath at or near the bottomof the tunnel an at the same time applying a concrete lining to thewalls of the tunnel above said path.

12. A shield or center of the class described he ving a circumferentialslot and removable sections for closing said slot.

'13. Apparatus for applying a concrete lining to tunnel-tubes havinginterior ribs or flanges, consisting of a shield or center conforming tothe arch of the tube, having means for adjusting its position alon thetube and toward and from its arch, an provided With circumferentialslots and remov-- able sections for closing such slots.

14 A shield or center of the class described, comprising two or moresimilar cylindrical segments, uniformly interspaced .toformmtermediateslots, and having common support adjustable axially and radially, and removable closures for said slots for the purpose specified. r l

- 15. Ashield or center of the class described, comprising incombination a series of similar cylindrical segments in normal orworking position concentric with the tunnel-tube, uniformly interspacedto forin intermediate openings or slots, and series of cylindricalsegments for each slot serving asremovable closures therefor.

.16. Ashleld orcenterfor the purpose specie fiecl, comprising incombination a series of similar cylindrical segments having a ,commonsupport provided with means for ad usting the position of the shieldlengthwise of the tunnel and radially toward and from the arch of thetunnel, said segments being uniformly lnterspaced, and series oi-sections for closing said spaces, certain of said sections having wipeor hose couplings.

17'. 1 1e method of applying a concrete lining to a metallic tunnel-tubehaving inner circumferential ribs or flanges, consisting in firstpartially inclosing the s aces between said ribs to form chambers Wit 1circumferen tially-slottcd openings, then progressively closing saidslots from the bottom upwardly and. progressively filling the closedportions of lthe said chambers with concreting materm, 18. The method ofapplying a concretelinin to a metallic tube, consisting in first par.tia lly incloslng a space thereon to form a temporary chamber withcircumferentlallyelotted opei'iing, the tube constituting the outer wallof the chamber, then progressively closing said opening from the bottomupwardly and filling the closed portion of the chamber with concretingmateriel, and then removing the inclosing Walls of the chamber.

19, The method of applying a concrete lining to the arch of atunnel-tum, consisting in partially inclosing spaces upon the'wslls oithe tube to form series of circumferentiallyexte'nded, temporarychambers having circumferentiellyelotted openings, then graduallyclosing said openings from the bottom upward, and filling the'closedspsce with concreting materiel.

21'). The method of applying s concrete lining to the arch of atunnel-tube, consisting in first inclosing a spaceupon said arch toconstitute a chamber having it circumferential slot or opening, thenprogressively closing said slot from the bottom upward and progrcssivelycharging the closed portions with concrete material, end then forcinggrout into said cheniber to complete the thereof.

I The method of applying a concrete liz1- the arch of e tunnel-tube,consisting in 1 Fog successive or contiguous spaces forest-is and spec ciron; the arch e distance equal to the resound thickness of such lining,then lling sewer progressively closing the openings, betweex; segmentsand filling the space between seg ments and arch with concrete, and thenremoving said segments.

23. Apparatus for ep )lying concrete lining to a circumferentiallynbbedtube, consisting of a series of interspaced cylindrical segments eds tedto be seated severally upon the ribs of tile tube, gaskets interposedbetween said segments and ribs, and sections for closing the spacesbetween segments.

24. A shield of the class described, having series of cylindricalsegments with intermediate slots, and closures therefor, andextension-segments for the lower ends of said cylindrical segments, andmeans for seating them egainst the tube.

25. A shield of the class described, having interspsced cylindricalsegments, longitudimany-slotted flanges upon the edges thereof,closure-sections having flanged edges and securing-bolts arrangedthrough said slots and section-flanges.

26. A shield or sem rfor the purpose specified, comprising in coblnetion a supporting and carrying truck, a) series of interspscedcylindrieel segments mounted thereon, end depending extension-pieceshinged to said segmerits.

27 Acenter 01'' the clsss described, having depending extension-pieceshinged to the lower edges thereof, end meens for raisins and loweringsaid center and for forcing said extensioopieces outwsrdly.

In Witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand, st the city of Newlork,this 7th day of July, 1905:,

ROSS TUCKER.

Witnesses J. T. CRANE,

T. D. Meswm.

